Elders Hadiths
Explore authentic hadiths concerning Elders — uncovering its importance and practical applications in Islamic teachings.
Overview
Authentic teachings from the Quran and Sunnah regarding Elders. This topic covers the profound wisdom, practical implications, and fundamental rulings associated with Elders in Islam.
Key Lessons
Key lessons include adhering to the boundaries set by Allah, recognizing the spiritual significance of Elders, and implementing its teachings in our interactions.
Practical Guidance
Apply these teachings by constantly remembering Allah's commands related to Elders and seeking knowledge to avoid common pitfalls.
Quranic Context
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Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: Abu Sufyan bin Harb informed me that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while he had been accompanying a caravan from Quraish. They were merchants doing business in Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan), at the time when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu Sufyan and his companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem). Heraclius called them in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around him. He called for his translator who, translating Heraclius's question said to them, "Who amongst you is closely related to that man who claims to be a Prophet?" Abu Sufyan replied, "I am the nearest relative to him (amongst the group)." Heraclius said, "Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his companions stand behind him." Abu Sufyan added, Heraclius told his translator to tell my companions that he wanted to put some questions to me regarding that man (The Prophet) and that if I told a lie they (my companions) should contradict me." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my companions labeling me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about the Prophet. The first question he asked me about him was: 'What is his family status amongst you?' I replied, 'He belongs to a good (noble) family amongst us.' Heraclius further asked, 'Has anybody amongst you ever claimed the same (i.e. to be a Prophet) before him?' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?' I replied, 'No.' Heraclius asked, 'Do the nobles or the poor follow him?' I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.' He said, 'Are his followers increasing decreasing (day by day)?' I replied, 'They are increasing.' He then asked, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become displeased and renounce the religion afterwards?' I replied, 'No.' Heraclius said, 'Have you ever accused him of telling lies before his claim (to be a Prophet)?' I replied, 'No. ' Heraclius said, 'Does he break his promises?' I replied, 'No. We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in it.' I could not find opportunity to say anything against him except that. Heraclius asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' Then he said, 'What was the outcome of the battles?' I replied, 'Sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.' Heraclius said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship anything along with Him, and to renounce all that our ancestors had said. He orders us to pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste and to keep good relations with our Kith and kin.' Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following, I asked you about his family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact all the Apostles come from noble families amongst their respective peoples. I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you claimed such a thing, your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following the previous man's statement. Then I asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. I further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies before he said what he said, and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who does not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allah. I, then asked you whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the poor who followed him. And in fact all the Apostle have been followed by this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and in fact this is the way of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further asked you whether there was anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact this is (the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with them completely. I asked you whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the negative and likewise the Apostles never betray. Then I asked you what he ordered you to do. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship any thing along with Him and forbade you to worship idols and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth and to be chaste. If what you have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place underneath my feet and I knew it (from the scriptures) that he was going to appear but I did not know that he would be from you, and if I could reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet him and if I were with him, I would certainly wash his feet.' Heraclius then asked for the letter addressed by Allah's Apostle which was delivered by Dihya to the Governor of Busra, who forwarded it to Heraclius to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: "In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him, who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin of Arisiyin (tillers, farmers i.e. your people). And (Allah's Statement:) 'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are Muslims (those who have surrendered to Allah).' (3:64). Abu Sufyan then added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech and had read the letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal Court. So we were turned out of the court. I told my companions that the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha) (the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)) has become so prominent that even the King of Bani Al-Asfar (Byzantine) is afraid of him. Then I started to become sure that he (the Prophet) would be the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam (i.e. Allah guided me to it)." The sub narrator adds, "Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of Ilya' (Jerusalem) and Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham. Ibn An-Natur narrates that once while Heraclius was visiting ilya' (Jerusalem), he got up in the morning with a sad mood. Some of his priests asked him why he was in that mood? Heraclius was a foreteller and an astrologer. He replied, 'At night when I looked at the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practice circumcision had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice circumcision?' The people replied, 'Except the Jews nobody practices circumcision, so you should not be afraid of them (Jews). 'Just Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.' While they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of Ghassan to convey the news of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) to Heraclius was brought in. Having heard the news, he (Heraclius) ordered the people to go and see whether the messenger of Ghassan was circumcised. The people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he was circumcised. Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger replied, 'Arabs also practice circumcision.' (After hearing that) Heraclius remarked that sovereignty of the 'Arabs had appeared. Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in Rome who was as good as Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left for Homs. (a town in Syrian and stayed there till he received the reply of his letter from his friend who agreed with him in his opinion about the emergence of the Prophet (ﷺ) and the fact that he was a Prophet. On that Heraclius invited all the heads of the Byzantines to assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered that all the doors of his palace be closed. Then he came out and said, 'O Byzantines! If success is your desire and if you seek right guidance and want your empire to remain then give a pledge of allegiance to this Prophet (i.e. embrace Islam).' (On hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the gates of the palace like onagers but found the doors closed. Heraclius realized their hatred towards Islam and when he lost the hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered that they should be brought back in audience. (When they returned) he said, 'What already said was just to test the strength of your conviction and I have seen it.' The people prostrated before him and became pleased with him, and this was the end of Heraclius's story (in connection with his faith)
ہم کو ابوالیمان حکم بن نافع نے حدیث بیان کی، انہیں اس حدیث کی شعیب نے خبر دی۔ انہوں نے زہری سے یہ حدیث سنی۔ انہیں عبیداللہ ابن عبداللہ ابن عتبہ بن مسعود نے خبر دی کہ عبداللہ بن عباس سے ابوسفیان بن حرب نے یہ واقعہ بیان کیا کہ ہرقل ( شاہ روم ) نے ان کے پاس قریش کے قافلے میں ایک آدمی بلانے کو بھیجا اور اس وقت یہ لوگ تجارت کے لیے ملک شام گئے ہوئے تھے اور یہ وہ زمانہ تھا جب رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے قریش اور ابوسفیان سے ایک وقتی عہد کیا ہوا تھا۔ جب ابوسفیان اور دوسرے لوگ ہرقل کے پاس ایلیاء پہنچے جہاں ہرقل نے دربار طلب کیا تھا۔ اس کے گرد روم کے بڑے بڑے لوگ ( علماء وزراء امراء ) بیٹھے ہوئے تھے۔ ہرقل نے ان کو اور اپنے ترجمان کو بلوایا۔ پھر ان سے پوچھا کہ تم میں سے کون شخص مدعی رسالت کا زیادہ قریبی عزیز ہے؟ ابوسفیان کہتے ہیں کہ میں بول اٹھا کہ میں اس کا سب سے زیادہ قریبی رشتہ دار ہوں۔ ( یہ سن کر ) ہرقل نے حکم دیا کہ اس کو ( ابوسفیان کو ) میرے قریب لا کر بٹھاؤ اور اس کے ساتھیوں کو اس کی پیٹھ کے پیچھے بٹھا دو۔ پھر اپنے ترجمان سے کہا کہ ان لوگوں سے کہہ دو کہ میں ابوسفیان سے اس شخص کے ( یعنی محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے ) حالات پوچھتا ہوں۔ اگر یہ مجھ سے کسی بات میں جھوٹ بول دے تو تم اس کا جھوٹ ظاہر کر دینا، ( ابوسفیان کا قول ہے کہ ) اللہ کی قسم! اگر مجھے یہ غیرت نہ آتی کہ یہ لوگ مجھ کو جھٹلائیں گے تو میں آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی نسبت ضرور غلط گوئی سے کام لیتا۔ خیر پہلی بات جو ہرقل نے مجھ سے پوچھی وہ یہ کہ اس شخص کا خاندان تم لوگوں میں کیسا ہے؟ میں نے کہا وہ تو بڑے اونچے عالی نسب والے ہیں۔ کہنے لگا اس سے پہلے بھی کسی نے تم لوگوں میں ایسی بات کہی تھی؟ میں نے کہا نہیں کہنے لگا، اچھا اس کے بڑوں میں کوئی بادشاہ ہوا ہے؟ میں نے کہا نہیں۔ پھر اس نے کہا، بڑے لوگوں نے اس کی پیروی اختیار کی ہے یا کمزوروں نے؟ میں نے کہا نہیں کمزوروں نے۔ پھر کہنے لگا، اس کے تابعدار روز بڑھتے جاتے ہیں یا کوئی ساتھی پھر بھی جاتا ہے؟ میں نے کہا نہیں۔ کہنے لگا کہ کیا اپنے اس دعوائے ( نبوت ) سے پہلے کبھی ( کسی بھی موقع پر ) اس نے جھوٹ بولا ہے؟ میں نے کہا نہیں۔ اور اب ہماری اس سے ( صلح کی ) ایک مقررہ مدت ٹھہری ہوئی ہے۔ معلوم نہیں وہ اس میں کیا کرنے والا ہے۔ ( ابوسفیان کہتے ہیں ) میں اس بات کے سوا اور کوئی ( جھوٹ ) اس گفتگو میں شامل نہ کر سکا۔ ہرقل نے کہا کیا تمہاری اس سے کبھی لڑائی بھی ہوتی ہے؟ ہم نے کہا کہ ہاں۔ بولا پھر تمہاری اور اس کی جنگ کا کیا حال ہوتا ہے؟ میں نے کہا، لڑائی ڈول کی طرح ہے، کبھی وہ ہم سے ( میدان جنگ ) جیت لیتے ہیں اور کبھی ہم ان سے جیت لیتے ہیں۔ ہرقل نے پوچھا۔ وہ تمہیں کس بات کا حکم دیتا ہے؟ میں نے کہا وہ کہتا ہے کہ صرف ایک اللہ ہی کی عبادت کرو، اس کا کسی کو شریک نہ بناؤ اور اپنے باپ دادا کی ( شرک کی ) باتیں چھوڑ دو اور ہمیں نماز پڑھنے، سچ بولنے، پرہیزگاری اور صلہ رحمی کا حکم دیتا ہے۔ ( یہ سب سن کر ) پھر ہرقل نے اپنے ترجمان سے کہا کہ ابوسفیان سے کہہ دے کہ میں نے تم سے اس کا نسب پوچھا تو تم نے کہا کہ وہ ہم میں عالی نسب ہے اور پیغمبر اپنی قوم میں عالی نسب ہی بھیجے جایا کرتے ہیں۔ میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ ( دعویٰ نبوت کی ) یہ بات تمہارے اندر اس سے پہلے کسی اور نے بھی کہی تھی، تو تم نے جواب دیا کہ نہیں، تب میں نے ( اپنے دل میں ) کہا کہ اگر یہ بات اس سے پہلے کسی نے کہی ہوتی تو میں سمجھتا کہ اس شخص نے بھی اسی بات کی تقلید کی ہے جو پہلے کہی جا چکی ہے۔ میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ اس کے بڑوں میں کوئی بادشاہ بھی گزرا ہے، تم نے کہا کہ نہیں۔ تو میں نے ( دل میں ) کہا کہ ان کے بزرگوں میں سے کوئی بادشاہ ہوا ہو گا تو کہہ دوں گا کہ وہ شخص ( اس بہانہ ) اپنے آباء و اجداد کی بادشاہت اور ان کا ملک ( دوبارہ ) حاصل کرنا چاہتا ہے۔ اور میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ اس بات کے کہنے ( یعنی پیغمبری کا دعویٰ کرنے ) سے پہلے تم نے کبھی اس کو دروغ گوئی کا الزام لگایا ہے؟ تم نے کہا کہ نہیں۔ تو میں نے سمجھ لیا کہ جو شخص آدمیوں کے ساتھ دروغ گوئی سے بچے وہ اللہ کے بارے میں کیسے جھوٹی بات کہہ سکتا ہے۔ اور میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ بڑے لوگ اس کے پیرو ہوتے ہیں یا کمزور آدمی۔ تم نے کہا کمزوروں نے اس کی اتباع کی ہے، تو ( دراصل ) یہی لوگ پیغمبروں کے متبعین ہوتے ہیں۔ اور میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ اس کے ساتھی بڑھ رہے ہیں یا کم ہو رہے ہیں۔ تم نے کہا کہ وہ بڑھ رہے ہیں اور ایمان کی کیفیت یہی ہوتی ہے۔ حتیٰ کہ وہ کامل ہو جاتا ہے اور میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ آیا کوئی شخص اس کے دین سے ناخوش ہو کر مرتد بھی ہو جاتا ہے تم نے کہا نہیں، تو ایمان کی خاصیت بھی یہی ہے جن کے دلوں میں اس کی مسرت رچ بس جائے وہ اس سے لوٹا نہیں کرتے۔ اور میں نے تم سے پوچھا کہ آیا وہ کبھی عہد شکنی کرتے ہیں۔ تم نے کہا نہیں، پیغمبروں کا یہی حال ہوتا ہے، وہ عہد کی خلاف ورزی نہیں کرتے۔ اور میں نے تم سے کہا کہ وہ تم سے کس چیز کے لیے کہتے ہیں۔ تم نے کہا کہ وہ ہمیں حکم دیتے ہیں کہ اللہ کی عبادت کرو، اس کے ساتھ کسی کو شریک نہ ٹھہراؤ اور تمہیں بتوں کی پرستش سے روکتے ہیں۔ سچ بولنے اور پرہیزگاری کا حکم دیتے ہیں۔ لہٰذا اگر یہ باتیں جو تم کہہ رہے ہو سچ ہیں تو عنقریب وہ اس جگہ کا مالک ہو جائے گا کہ جہاں میرے یہ دونوں پاؤں ہیں۔ مجھے معلوم تھا کہ وہ ( پیغمبر ) آنے والا ہے۔ مگر مجھے یہ معلوم نہیں تھا کہ وہ تمہارے اندر ہو گا۔ اگر میں جانتا کہ اس تک پہنچ سکوں گا تو اس سے ملنے کے لیے ہر تکلیف گوارا کرتا۔ اگر میں اس کے پاس ہوتا تو اس کے پاؤں دھوتا۔ ہرقل نے رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم وہ خط منگایا جو آپ نے دحیہ کلبی رضی اللہ عنہ کے ذریعہ حاکم بصریٰ کے پاس بھیجا تھا اور اس نے وہ ہرقل کے پاس بھیج دیا تھا۔ پھر اس کو پڑھا تو اس میں ( لکھا تھا ) : اللہ کے نام کے ساتھ جو نہایت مہربان اور رحم والا ہے۔ اللہ کے بندے اور اس کے پیغمبر محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی طرف سے یہ خط ہے شاہ روم کے لیے۔ اس شخص پر سلام ہو جو ہدایت کی پیروی کرے اس کے بعد میں آپ کے سامنے دعوت اسلام پیش کرتا ہوں۔ اگر آپ اسلام لے آئیں گے تو ( دین و دنیا میں ) سلامتی نصیب ہو گی۔ اللہ آپ کو دوہرا ثواب دے گا اور اگر آپ ( میری دعوت سے ) روگردانی کریں گے تو آپ کی رعایا کا گناہ بھی آپ ہی پر ہو گا۔ اور اے اہل کتاب! ایک ایسی بات پر آ جاؤ جو ہمارے اور تمہارے درمیان یکساں ہے۔ وہ یہ کہ ہم اللہ کے سوا کسی کی عبادت نہ کریں اور کسی کو اس کا شریک نہ ٹھہرائیں اور نہ ہم میں سے کوئی کسی کو اللہ کے سوا اپنا رب بنائے۔ پھر اگر وہ اہل کتاب ( اس بات سے ) منہ پھیر لیں تو ( مسلمانو! ) تم ان سے کہہ دو کہ ( تم مانو یا نہ مانو ) ہم تو ایک اللہ کے اطاعت گزار ہیں۔ ابوسفیان کہتے ہیں: جب ہرقل نے جو کچھ کہنا تھا کہہ دیا اور خط پڑھ کر فارغ ہوا تو اس کے اردگرد بہت شور و غوغہ ہوا، بہت سی آوازیں اٹھیں اور ہمیں باہر نکال دیا گیا۔ تب میں نے اپنے ساتھیوں سے کہا کہ ابوکبشہ کے بیٹے ( نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) کا معاملہ تو بہت بڑھ گیا ( دیکھو تو ) اس سے بنی اصفر ( روم ) کا بادشاہ بھی ڈرتا ہے۔ مجھے اس وقت سے اس بات کا یقین ہو گیا کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم عنقریب غالب ہو کر رہیں گے۔ حتیٰ کہ اللہ نے مجھے مسلمان کر دیا۔ ( راوی کا بیان ہے کہ ) ابن ناطور ایلیاء کا حاکم ہرقل کا مصاحب اور شام کے نصاریٰ کا لاٹ پادری بیان کرتا تھا کہ ہرقل جب ایلیاء آیا، ایک دن صبح کو پریشان اٹھا تو اس کے درباریوں نے دریافت کیا کہ آج ہم آپ کی حالت بدلی ہوئی پاتے ہیں۔ ( کیا وجہ ہے؟ ) ابن ناطور کا بیان ہے کہ ہرقل نجومی تھا، علم نجوم میں وہ پوری مہارت رکھتا تھا۔ اس نے اپنے ہم نشینوں کو بتایا کہ میں نے آج رات ستاروں پر نظر ڈالی تو دیکھا کہ ختنہ کرنے والوں کا بادشاہ ہمارے ملک پر غالب آ گیا ہے۔ ( بھلا ) اس زمانے میں کون لوگ ختنہ کرتے ہیں؟ انہوں نے کہا کہ یہود کے سوا کوئی ختنہ نہیں کرتا۔ سو ان کی وجہ سے پریشان نہ ہوں۔ سلطنت کے تمام شہروں میں یہ حکم لکھ بھیجئے کہ وہاں جتنے یہودی ہوں سب قتل کر دئیے جائیں۔ وہ لوگ انہی باتوں میں مشغول تھے کہ ہرقل کے پاس ایک آدمی لایا گیا۔ جسے شاہ غسان نے بھیجا تھا۔ اس نے رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے حالات بیان کئے۔ جب ہرقل نے ( سارے حالات ) سن لیے تو کہا کہ جا کر دیکھو وہ ختنہ کئے ہوئے ہے یا نہیں؟ انہوں نے اسے دیکھا تو بتلایا کہ وہ ختنہ کیا ہوا ہے۔ ہرقل نے جب اس شخص سے عرب کے بارے میں پوچھا تو اس نے بتلایا کہ وہ ختنہ کرتے ہیں۔ تب ہرقل نے کہا کہ یہ ہی ( محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) اس امت کے بادشاہ ہیں جو پیدا ہو چکے ہیں۔ پھر اس نے اپنے ایک دوست کو رومیہ خط لکھا اور وہ بھی علم نجوم میں ہرقل کی طرح ماہر تھا۔ پھر وہاں سے ہرقل حمص چلا گیا۔ ابھی حمص سے نکلا نہیں تھا کہ اس کے دوست کا خط ( اس کے جواب میں ) آ گیا۔ اس کی رائے بھی نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے ظہور کے بارے میں ہرقل کے موافق تھی کہ محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ( واقعی ) پیغمبر ہیں۔ اس کے بعد ہرقل نے روم کے بڑے آدمیوں کو اپنے حمص کے محل میں طلب کیا اور اس کے حکم سے محل کے دروازے بند کر لیے گئے۔ پھر وہ ( اپنے خاص محل سے ) باہر آیا اور کہا ”اے روم والو! کیا ہدایت اور کامیابی میں کچھ حصہ تمہارے لیے بھی ہے؟ اگر تم اپنی سلطنت کی بقا چاہتے ہو تو پھر اس نبی کی بیعت کر لو اور مسلمان ہو جاؤ“ ( یہ سننا تھا کہ ) پھر وہ لوگ وحشی گدھوں کی طرح دروازوں کی طرف دوڑے ( مگر ) انہیں بند پایا۔ آخر جب ہرقل نے ( اس بات سے ) ان کی یہ نفرت دیکھی اور ان کے ایمان لانے سے مایوس ہو گیا تو کہنے لگا کہ ان لوگوں کو میرے پاس لاؤ۔ ( جب وہ دوبارہ آئے ) تو اس نے کہا میں نے جو بات کہی تھی اس سے تمہاری دینی پختگی کی آزمائش مقصود تھی سو وہ میں نے دیکھ لی۔ تب ( یہ بات سن کر ) وہ سب کے سب اس کے سامنے سجدے میں گر پڑے اور اس سے خوش ہو گئے۔ بالآخر ہرقل کی آخری حالت یہ ہی رہی۔ ابوعبداللہ کہتے ہیں کہ اس حدیث کو صالح بن کیسان، یونس اور معمر نے بھی زہری سے روایت کیا ہے۔
Narrated Nafi`:Ibn `Umar said, "The Prophet (ﷺ) made incumbent on every male or female, free man or slave, the payment of one Sa' of dates or barley as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (or said Sadaqa-Ramadan)." The people then substituted half Sa' of wheat for that. Ibn `Umar used to give dates (as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr). Once there was scarcity of dates in Medina and Ibn `Umar gave barley. 'And Ibn `Umar used to give Sadaqat-ul- Fitr for every young and old person. He even used to give on behalf of my children. Ibn `Umar used to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr to those who had been officially appointed for its collection. People used to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (even) a day or two before the `Id
ہم سے ابوالنعمان نے بیان کیا ‘ انہوں نے کہا کہ ہم سے حماد بن زید نے بیان کیا ‘ انہوں نے کہا کہ ہم سے ایوب نے بیان کیا ‘ ان سے نافع نے بیان کیا اور ان سے عبداللہ بن عمر رضی اللہ عنہما نے کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے صدقہ فطر یا یہ کہا کہ صدقہ رمضان مرد، عورت، آزاد اور غلام ( سب پر ) ایک صاع کھجور یا ایک صاع جَو فرض قرار دیا تھا۔ پھر لوگوں نے آدھا صاع گیہوں اس کے برابر قرار دے لیا۔ لیکن ابن عمر رضی اللہ عنہما کھجور دیا کرتے تھے۔ ایک مرتبہ مدینہ میں کھجور کا قحط پڑا تو آپ نے جو صدقہ میں نکالا۔ ابن عمر رضی اللہ عنہما چھوٹے بڑے سب کی طرف سے یہاں تک کہ میرے بیٹوں کی طرف سے بھی صدقہ فطر نکالتے تھے۔ ابن عمر رضی اللہ عنہما صدقہ فطر ہر فقیر کو جو اسے قبول کرتا، دے دیا کرتے تھے۔ اور لوگ صدقہ فطر ایک یا دو دن پہلے ہی دے دیا کرتے تھے۔ امام بخاری رحمہ اللہ نے کہا میرے بیٹوں سے نافع کے بیٹے مراد ہیں۔ امام بخاری رحمہ اللہ نے کہا وہ عید سے پہلے جو صدقہ دے دیتے تھے تو اکٹھا ہونے کے لیے نہ فقیروں کے لیے ( پھر وہ جمع کر کے فقراء میں تقسیم کر دیا جاتا ) ۔
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) wrote to Caesar and invited him to Islam and sent him his letter with Dihya Al-Kalbi whom Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered to hand it over to the Governor of Busra who would forward it to Caesar. Caesar as a sign of gratitude to Allah, had walked from Hims to Ilya (i.e. Jerusalem) when Allah had granted Him victory over the Persian forces. So, when the letter of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) reached Caesar, he said after reading it, 'Seek for me any one of his people! (Arabs of Quraish tribe) if present here, in order to ask him about Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb was in Sham with some men from Quraish who had come (to Sham) as merchants during the truce that had been concluded between Allah's Messenger (ﷺ); and the infidels of Quraish. Abu Sufyan said, Caesar's messenger found us somewhere in Sham so he took me and my companions to Ilya and we were admitted into Caesar's court to find him sitting in his royal court wearing a crown and surrounded by the senior dignitaries of the Byzantine. He said to his translator. 'Ask them who amongst them is a close relation to the man who claims to be a prophet." Abu Sufyan added, "I replied, 'I am the nearest relative to him.' He asked, 'What degree of relationship do you have with him?' I replied, 'He is my cousin,' and there was none of Bani Abu Manaf in the caravan except myself. Caesar said, 'Let him come nearer.' He then ordered that my companions stand behind me near my shoulder and said to his translator, 'Tell his companions that I am going to ask this man about the man who claims to be a prophet. If he tells a lie, they should contradict him immediately." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had it not been shameful that my companions label me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about him when he asked me. But I considered it shameful to be called a liar by my companions. So I told the truth. He then said to his translator, 'Ask him what kind of family does he belong to.' I replied, 'He belongs to a noble family amongst us.' He said, 'Has anybody else amongst you ever claimed the same before him? 'I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Had you ever blamed him for telling lies before he claimed what he claimed? ' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?' I replied, 'No.' He said, "Do the noble or the poor follow him?' I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.' He said, 'Are they increasing or decreasing (day by day)?' I replied,' They are increasing.' He said, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his (the Prophet's) Religion become displeased and then discard his Religion?'. I replied, 'No. ' He said, 'Does he break his promises? I replied, 'No, but we are now at truce with him and we are afraid that he may betray us." Abu Sufyan added, "Other than the last sentence, I could not say anything against him. Caesar then asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'What was the outcome of your battles with him?' I replied, 'The result was unstable; sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.' He said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah alone, and not to worship others along with Him, and to leave all that our fore-fathers used to worship. He orders us to pray, give in charity, be chaste, keep promises and return what is entrusted to us.' When I had said that, Caesar said to his translator, 'Say to him: I asked you about his lineage and your reply was that he belonged to a noble family. In fact, all the apostles came from the noblest lineage of their nations. Then I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you had claimed such a thing, and your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following a claim that had been said before him. When I asked you whether he was ever blamed for telling lies, your reply was in the negative, so I took it for granted that a person who did not tell a lie about (others) the people could never tell a lie about Allah. Then I asked you whether any of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. When I asked you whether the rich or the poor people followed him, you replied that it was the poor who followed him. In fact, such are the followers of the apostles. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing. In fact, this is the result of true faith till it is complete (in all respects). I asked you whether there was anybody who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion; your reply was in the negative. In fact, this is the sign of true faith, for when its cheerfulness enters and mixes in the hearts completely, nobody will be displeased with it. I asked you whether he had ever broken his promise. You replied in the negative. And such are the apostles; they never break their promises. When I asked you whether you fought with him and he fought with you, you replied that he did, and that sometimes he was victorious and sometimes you. Indeed, such are the apostles; they are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs. Then I asked you what he ordered you. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah alone and not to worship others along with Him, to leave all that your fore-fathers used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to return what is entrusted to you. These are really the qualities of a prophet who, I knew (from the previous Scriptures) would appear, but I did not know that he would be from amongst you. If what you say should be true, he will very soon occupy the earth under my feet, and if I knew that I would reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet Him; and were I with him, then I would certainly wash his feet.' " Abu Sufyan added, "Caesar then asked for the letter of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and it was read. Its contents were: "In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad, the slave of Allah, and His Apostle, to Heraclius, the Ruler of the Byzantine. Peace be upon the followers of guidance. Now then, I invite you to Islam (i.e. surrender to Allah), embrace Islam and you will be safe; embrace Islam and Allah will bestow on you a double reward. But if you reject this invitation of Islam, you shall be responsible for misguiding the tillers (i.e. your nation). O people of the Scriptures! Come to a word common to you and us and you, that we worship none but Allah, and that we associate nothing in worship with Him; and that none of us shall take others as Lords besides Allah. Then if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are (they who have surrendered (unto Him)..(3.64) Abu Sufyan added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the Byzantine Royalties surrounding him, and there was so much noise that I did not understand what they said. So, we were turned out of the court. When I went out with my companions and we were alone, I said to them, 'Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha's (i.e. the Prophet's) affair has gained power. This is the King of Bani Al-Asfar fearing him." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah, I remained low and was sure that his religion would be victorious till Allah converted me to Islam, though I disliked it
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) wrote to Caesar and invited him to Islam and sent him his letter with Dihya Al-Kalbi whom Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered to hand it over to the Governor of Busra who would forward it to Caesar. Caesar as a sign of gratitude to Allah, had walked from Hims to Ilya (i.e. Jerusalem) when Allah had granted Him victory over the Persian forces. So, when the letter of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) reached Caesar, he said after reading it, 'Seek for me any one of his people! (Arabs of Quraish tribe) if present here, in order to ask him about Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb was in Sham with some men from Quraish who had come (to Sham) as merchants during the truce that had been concluded between Allah's Messenger (ﷺ); and the infidels of Quraish. Abu Sufyan said, Caesar's messenger found us somewhere in Sham so he took me and my companions to Ilya and we were admitted into Caesar's court to find him sitting in his royal court wearing a crown and surrounded by the senior dignitaries of the Byzantine. He said to his translator. 'Ask them who amongst them is a close relation to the man who claims to be a prophet." Abu Sufyan added, "I replied, 'I am the nearest relative to him.' He asked, 'What degree of relationship do you have with him?' I replied, 'He is my cousin,' and there was none of Bani Abu Manaf in the caravan except myself. Caesar said, 'Let him come nearer.' He then ordered that my companions stand behind me near my shoulder and said to his translator, 'Tell his companions that I am going to ask this man about the man who claims to be a prophet. If he tells a lie, they should contradict him immediately." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had it not been shameful that my companions label me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about him when he asked me. But I considered it shameful to be called a liar by my companions. So I told the truth. He then said to his translator, 'Ask him what kind of family does he belong to.' I replied, 'He belongs to a noble family amongst us.' He said, 'Has anybody else amongst you ever claimed the same before him? 'I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Had you ever blamed him for telling lies before he claimed what he claimed? ' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?' I replied, 'No.' He said, "Do the noble or the poor follow him?' I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.' He said, 'Are they increasing or decreasing (day by day)?' I replied,' They are increasing.' He said, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his (the Prophet's) Religion become displeased and then discard his Religion?'. I replied, 'No. ' He said, 'Does he break his promises? I replied, 'No, but we are now at truce with him and we are afraid that he may betray us." Abu Sufyan added, "Other than the last sentence, I could not say anything against him. Caesar then asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'What was the outcome of your battles with him?' I replied, 'The result was unstable; sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.' He said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah alone, and not to worship others along with Him, and to leave all that our fore-fathers used to worship. He orders us to pray, give in charity, be chaste, keep promises and return what is entrusted to us.' When I had said that, Caesar said to his translator, 'Say to him: I asked you about his lineage and your reply was that he belonged to a noble family. In fact, all the apostles came from the noblest lineage of their nations. Then I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you had claimed such a thing, and your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following a claim that had been said before him. When I asked you whether he was ever blamed for telling lies, your reply was in the negative, so I took it for granted that a person who did not tell a lie about (others) the people could never tell a lie about Allah. Then I asked you whether any of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. When I asked you whether the rich or the poor people followed him, you replied that it was the poor who followed him. In fact, such are the followers of the apostles. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing. In fact, this is the result of true faith till it is complete (in all respects). I asked you whether there was anybody who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion; your reply was in the negative. In fact, this is the sign of true faith, for when its cheerfulness enters and mixes in the hearts completely, nobody will be displeased with it. I asked you whether he had ever broken his promise. You replied in the negative. And such are the apostles; they never break their promises. When I asked you whether you fought with him and he fought with you, you replied that he did, and that sometimes he was victorious and sometimes you. Indeed, such are the apostles; they are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs. Then I asked you what he ordered you. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah alone and not to worship others along with Him, to leave all that your fore-fathers used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to return what is entrusted to you. These are really the qualities of a prophet who, I knew (from the previous Scriptures) would appear, but I did not know that he would be from amongst you. If what you say should be true, he will very soon occupy the earth under my feet, and if I knew that I would reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet Him; and were I with him, then I would certainly wash his feet.' " Abu Sufyan added, "Caesar then asked for the letter of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and it was read. Its contents were: "In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad, the slave of Allah, and His Apostle, to Heraclius, the Ruler of the Byzantine. Peace be upon the followers of guidance. Now then, I invite you to Islam (i.e. surrender to Allah), embrace Islam and you will be safe; embrace Islam and Allah will bestow on you a double reward. But if you reject this invitation of Islam, you shall be responsible for misguiding the tillers (i.e. your nation). O people of the Scriptures! Come to a word common to you and us and you, that we worship none but Allah, and that we associate nothing in worship with Him; and that none of us shall take others as Lords besides Allah. Then if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are (they who have surrendered (unto Him)..(3.64) Abu Sufyan added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the Byzantine Royalties surrounding him, and there was so much noise that I did not understand what they said. So, we were turned out of the court. When I went out with my companions and we were alone, I said to them, 'Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha's (i.e. the Prophet's) affair has gained power. This is the King of Bani Al-Asfar fearing him." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah, I remained low and was sure that his religion would be victorious till Allah converted me to Islam, though I disliked it